Clin Osteol 2014; 19(2-3): 42-47

Dietary calcium and phosphorus intake, the dietary calcium to phospohorus ratio and the risk of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal womenOriginal contributions

M. Brezovský, D. Magula, K. Bitter, P. Chlebo, K. Fatrcová-Šramková, J. Palkovič

Aim of study: The aim of the study was to exa ratio and the risk of osteoporotic fractures.

Material and methods: During a period of 36 months, only postmenopausal women were selected (n = 114), who had suffered fractu­ res in specific locations after low-energy trauma; bone mineral density was measured with DEXA scans and dietary calcium and pho­ sphorus intake was calculated using a food frequency questionnaire. The patients were divided based on their previous fractures and T-scores (DEXA) according to the WHO criteria for osteoporosis (T-score < -2.5). The study comprised Group 1 - postmenopausal wo­ men (n = 58, mean age 65.18 ± 8.07 years) with previous osteoporotic fractures and T-scores >-2.5, Group 2 - postmenopausal women (n = 56, mean age 66.617.4 years) with low-energy fractures and T-scores < -2.5 age 58.767.8 years) without previous low- energy fractures and T-scores > -2.5.

Results: Dietary phosphorus intake exceeded dietary calcium intake in all groups of postmenopausal women. In Group 2 (osteoporo­ tic fractures and osteoporosis), the dietary phosphorus intake was statistically significantly higher than in the control group (1 289 mg/day vs. 1 022 mg/day; p = 0.04). High dietary phosphorus intake was a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures only in Group 2 with T-scores < -2.5, quartile 1 (< 732.12 mg) vs. quartile 4 (> 1 358.22 mg) OR = 2.30 (p = 0,036; 95% CI 0.93-5.73). A low dietary Ca : P ra­ tio of < 0.5 was a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures in both groups irrespective of the T-score. The dietary Ca : P ratio < 0.5 vs. Ca : P 0.87-1.14 (quartile 3 - reference quartile) increased the risk of osteoporotic fractures in Group 1 (OR = 8.8; p = 0.0009; 95% CI 2.29-33.84) as well as in Group 2 (OR = 3.3; p = 0.046; 95% CI 0.90-12.36). The Ca:P ratio >1.09 (quartile 4) vs. Ca : P 0.88-1.09 (quartile 3) decrea­ sed the risk of fractures only in Group 2 (OR = 0.30; p = 0.01; 95% CI 0.11-0.81) and was a protective factor against fractures.

Conclusion: In the prevention of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures, effort should be made not only to in intake but also to decrease high dietary phosphorus intake.

Keywords: risk of osteoporoticfractures, dietary calcium intake, dietary phosphorus intake, dietary calcium to phosphorus ratio

Published: December 11, 2014  Show citation

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Brezovský M, Magula D, Bitter K, Chlebo P, Fatrcová-Šramková K, Palkovič J. Dietary calcium and phosphorus intake, the dietary calcium to phospohorus ratio and the risk of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Osteologický bulletin. 2014;19(2-3):42-47.
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