Clin Osteol 2025; 30(4): 196-201 | DOI: 10.36290/clo.2025.032

Gut microbiome and bone: a review of current knowledgeMain theme

Ivana Cibulková

Interní klinika Fakultní nemocnice Královské Vinohrady a 3. lékařské fakulty Univerzity Karlovy v Praze

Bone metabolism is a dynamic and complex process involving a continuous cycle of bone resorption and formation. An imbalance between these processes leads to the development of osteoporosis - the most common metabolic bone disease - characterized by decreased bone mass and an increased risk of fractures, as well as other pathological conditions. While bone metabolism has traditionally been associated primarily with hormonal regulation and mechanical loading, growing evidence points to a key role of the gut microbiota in the regulation of mineralization and the maintenance of bone integrity. The microbiome influences not only intestinal homeostasis but, through its metabolites - particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) - also affects a wide range of systemic processes, including bone remodeling. Major mechanisms of action include modulation of intestinal barrier permeability, effects on mineral absorption (e.g. calcium and magnesium), and immunomodulatory effects. Understanding the interactions between nutrition, the microbiota, and bone health opens new therapeutic possibilities and offers potential for the development of personalized interventions aimed at the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and related disorders.

Keywords: microbiome, bone metabolism, intestinal barrier, osteoporosis, short-chain fatty acids, immune system.

Published: December 1, 2025  Show citation