Clin Osteol 2004; 9(4): 116-120

Bone mineral density in relation to oral contraceptive useArticles

M. Sojáková, J. Payer, M. Borovský, Z. Killinger, P. Hrúziková, E. Stenová, P. Ondrejka

Background: The impact of oral contraceptive use on bone mineral density (BMD) and risk of osteoporotic fractures remains unclear. Positive and negative effects on BMD have been described in several retrospective studies with postmenopausal women and prospective studies with perimenopausal women. However, there is a paucity of prospective studies evaluating the role of contraceptive pills on bone in young women with childbearing potential.

Aim of the study: Pilot, cross-sectional study in healthy young women has been designed to investigate: 1) the impact of oral contraceptive use on BMD at lumbar spine and total femur, 2) the correlation of physiological and pathological findings of BMD and body mass index, 3) the occurrence of potential risk factors of osteoporosis in women with normal and decreased BMD.

Material and methods: 50 healthy young women enrolled into the study were divided in two groups according to the use of oral contraceptive pills. Group A (N = 30) had used oral contraceptives containing 30 ^g of ethinylestradiol for more then two years. Group B (N = 20) had never used oral contraceptive pills. Eligible women had no personal history of chronic diseases potentially affecting bone metabolism. Potential risk factors of decreased BMD were determined by a detailed questionnaire and an interview. All subjects underwent BMD evaluation at lumbar spine and total femur using dual x-ray absorptiometry.

Results: No significant differences in mean lumbar spine BMD (1.01 vs 1.04 g/cm2) and mean total femur BMD values (0.89 vs 0.97 g/cm2) were determined between women who never used oral contraceptives and current users of pills, respectively. In current users of oral contraceptives BMD at lumbar spine and total femur significantly paralleled body mass index (p = 0.001 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Regarding the occurrence of potential risk factors of osteoporosis in women with physiological and pathological BMD results the reason of decreased values in healthy young women except low body mass index (p = 0.024) remains unclear.

Keywords: bone mineral density, oral contraceptive pills, body mass index.

Published: December 11, 2004  Show citation

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Sojáková M, Payer J, Borovský M, Killinger Z, Hrúziková P, Stenová E, Ondrejka P. Bone mineral density in relation to oral contraceptive use. Osteologický bulletin. 2004;9(4):116-120.
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