Clin Osteol 2026; 31(1): 7-11 | DOI: 10.36290/clo.2026.001

Primary bone tumours: An Orthopaedic PerspectiveMain theme

Jiří Gallo¹, Tomáš Tomáš²

¹ Ortopedická klinika LF UP a FN Olomouc

² Ortopedická klinika LF MU a FN u svaté Anny, Brno

Primary bone tumors represent a heterogeneous and relatively rare group of lesions whose biological behavior ranges from benign incidental findings to highly malignant sarcomas. The WHO classification (2020) categorizes tumors according to histogenesis (osteogenic, chondrogenic, etc.); however, for clinical practice, the key distinction is between benign, intermediate (locally aggressive and, in rare cases, metastasizing), and malignant lesions. A crucial clinical task is early triage: to distinguish lesions suitable for observation or elective treatment from suspected malignancies requiring urgent further evaluation and management in a specialized center. Diagnosis is based on an algorithmic approach (X-ray followed by MRI/CT depending on the lesion type; staging in suspected malignancies); in many tumors, definitive classification is only possible after histopathological and molecular examination of a biopsy sample. A key principle is that biopsy should be performed exclusively at the center that will provide subsequent treatment, because an improperly performed biopsy can significantly complicate curative resection. Treatment follows recommended protocols and differs according to biological behavior: benign and intermediate lesions often require observation or targeted intervention, whereas malignant tumors generally involve a combination of surgery, systemic therapy, and/or radiotherapy within a multidisciplinary team.

Keywords: primary bone tumors, benign, intermediate, bone sarcomas, diagnostic algorithm, biopsy, specialized center care.

Accepted: March 24, 2026; Published: March 30, 2026  Show citation